Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A Case Series and Review for an Uncommon Cause of Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Infection

Peritonitis is a common and potentially serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Common organisms include Staphylococcus Aureus, enterococci, coagulase-negative staphylococcus. However, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) an uncommon cause PD-related infection. We describe series three cases S. PD infection (two peritonitis one case exit-site infection) that were identified over seven-week period in single centre. The treated with antibiotics (the primary antibiotic being co-trimoxazole) for mean duration 30 ± 7.9 days. All the patients required catheter removal due to treatment failure antibiotics. Hospital admission was two resulted mortality, death directly associated complications from A multi-disciplinary team using root-cause analysis did not identify link between our but highlighted possible risk factors contributing these presentations. Given relative rarity maltophilia, evidence on its management options remains limited. In this article, we draw upon own experiences examine literature available previously published reports series. These highlight as complex challenging organism treat. Our experience demonstrated importance early infection, likely more effective than prolonged therapy hence safer option, considering resistant nature maltophilia.